The impact of repeated head injuries on young football players

Posted at: 01/10/2013 11:52 PM | Updated at: 01/10/2013 11:53 PM
By: Robin De Wind | WHEC.com

NFL linebacker Junior Seau was suffering from a degenerative brain disease when he took his own life last May. That was the finding of the National Institution of Health and that has prompted a concern for parents of children playing contact sports.

This study reinforces what emergency room doctors have been saying all along: there needs to be a change in how to deal with brain injuries to athletes starting at a young age. While much of the recent focus has been on single concussion hits, Seau's autopsy released on Thursday show it's repetitive hits over time that can do even more harm.

Seau was one of football's fiercest players on the field for nearly two decades. His suicide last year was a shock for many players and fans. The results of a new NIH study sheds some light on what may have lead Seau to take his own life.

Doctors conducted a study of three unidentified brains, one of which was Seau's and found Seau's brain suffered from chronic traumatic encephalopathy or CTE.

"This is kind of a new frontier in concussion research," says Doctor Jeff Bazarian, concussion expert at the University of Rochester Medical Center. "There's been a few studies, including ones we've done here, that show not even a concussion, but multiple hits to the head cause some subtle brain injuries."

The disease shows up in people who have had repetitive head injuries and symptoms include mood swings, insomnia, depression and violence. Seau's family says he exhibited those symptoms in private and it became worse before he shot himself.

Dr. Bazarian says CTE could be an even larger problem than individual concussions. Adding Seau's results should spark new conversations about how to prevent these repetitive hits.

"We're talking about guys in their 30's and 40's, that have had their brains autopsied,"says Dr. Bazarian. "That's pretty hard proof that there's something going on with concussion, repetitive head hits and repetitive brain injury. That's really helped us inform the public of the risks."

He adds that prevention of these type of injuries is the key. He says it should start with kids. Coaches and parents should encourage proper tackling and hitting. Increased awareness about concussion symptoms and how to treat head injuries should be both be a priority.

Dr. Bazarian says, "I think it's more of a seeing is believing type of thing. When you can see the brain and see that its looks like the brain of an eighty-year-old when they are forty. Whether they are an NFL player or somebody else, I think that's very helpful for the public and for science to say 'guys we got a problem here.'"

The NFL has committed $30 million for a research grant to the NIH for the study of CTE. Health experts insist there has to be a culture change when it comes to contact sports and prevention of these injuries.

For more Rochester, N.Y. news go to our website www.whec.com.
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Source: http://www.whec.com/news/stories/s2892562.shtml?cat=565

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Poor people participate in cancer trials less often

Publish date: January 10, 2013

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Poor people are less likely to take part in clinical trials for new cancer drugs, which can make it harder to develop treatments, according to a new study.

The journal page you requested is now available only to registered Modern Medicine members.

Source: http://www.modernmedicine.com/modernmedicine/Modern+Medicine+Now/Poor-people-participate-in-cancer-trials-less-ofte/ArticleNewsFeed/Article/detail/802119?ref=25

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Scientists take to Twitter to reveal their less than scientific methods

Weird science ? not all scientists are as methodical as you might have expected. Photograph: The Ronald Grant Archive

Scientists are a precise bunch. Our experiments are carefully planned down to the last detail, the methods we use are selected with great care and forethought and our sample sizes are perfectly calibrated to ensure statistically valid results. But first our hypotheses are constructed only after carefully reading our peers' work. You can see evidence of this clearly spelled out in any research paper which will invariably present a logical series experiments that lead to a nice clear conclusion all carefully referenced to all the relevant prior-art. So if a reaction was left for 60 minutes there must be a sound scientific reason for this. And of course the equipment we use is carefully built from only the highest quality parts.

At least these stereotypes are what we wanted you to believe in. That is until a couple of days ago. Since then, scientists from all four corners of the twitterverse have not just dismantled that pure-of-thought image but demolished it with repeated 140-character salvos all bearing the hashtag #overlyhonestmethods. Most of these tweets are jokes that rail against the stuffy and sometimes unclear way that scientific papers are written, but there is certainly more than a grain of truth in most of them.

It all started with a neuropharmacologist researcher and blogger called Leigh when she tweeted "incubation lasted three days because this is how long the undergrad forgot the experiment in the fridge #overlyhonestmethods". It didn't take long for the hashtag to go viral. More tweets along similar lines followed including "?the chemicals were combined & stirred by hand for 2 hours by our project students as they were getting on our nerves" from @Simonleighuk, "The experiment was left for the precise time that it took for us to get a cup of tea" from @mahzabin and my favourite from @sciliz "the eppendorf tubes were 'shaken like a polaroid picture' until that part of the song ended". So maybe those reasons for particular reaction times aren't based on quite so sound scientific reasons after all?

What about our equipment and sample sizes? Ecologists @biosciencemum and @bgrassbluecrab had something to say about that: "Our experimental equipment was a paddling pool, a bucket with a hole in, some gaffer tape and three cardboard boxes", and "we didn't test as many clams as oysters because we're pretty sure someone found the samples and ate them". You don't see that appearing in journals now do you? (But maybe you should)

Then there's that nice narrative describing that logical series of steps. Well, guess what: "The logical sequence of experiments and ideas expressed in this paper may not have actually occurred in the order given" from @upulie, and "There was no plan - we just tried stuff we thought would be interesting until something interesting happened" by @russelgarwood.

As for those carefully read papers from our peers, well sometimes budget cuts get in the way: "We didn't read half of the papers we cite because they are behind a paywall," wrote @devillesylvain.

So what started as a single tweet from a frustrated scientist has ended up becoming one of the most fabulous, frank and funny pieces of science communication I've seen in a long time. Some might worry that these tweets have presented scientists as hapless and undermined confidence in science. But I think they have provided a rare insight into the everyday lives of scientists and demonstrated that we are human like everyone else. Moreover, #overlyhonestmethods has managed to demystify science in a way that no other example of science reporting, blogging or broadcasting can quite manage.

Overlyhonestmethods is still going strong. Take a look on Twitter or some selections of the best on storify and io9

? Mark Lorch is a chemist at the University of Hull he also blogs at www.t2ah.com and www.chemistry-blog.com

Source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2013/jan/10/scientists-twitter-methods

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James Franco Does His Best Justin Bieber

We realize there's only so much time one can spend in a day watching new trailers, viral video clips, and shaky cell phone footage of people arguing on live television. This is why every day The Atlantic Wire highlights the videos that truly earn your five minutes (or less) of attention. Today: ?

RELATED: All We Want for Christmas Is Jimmy Fallon and Mariah Carey Singing to Us

Remember when Justin Bieber was struggling for relevance and James Franco was the super serious, super educated actor destined for greatness? Well, Franco clearly doesn't want you to:

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So what do you do when someone gets their dream wedding ruined by a doomed hot-air balloon ride? Well, if you're the?Today show, you make a macabre?Wedding Crashers joke:?

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Here's perhaps one of the better arguments against that trillion-dollar coin, courtesy of Homer Simpson and company:

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HBT: Indians haven't ruled out re-signing Hafner

Travis Hafner hasn?t drawn much free agent interest after Cleveland declined his $13 million option and the Indians haven?t ruled out re-signing the veteran designated hitter.

?He could be [an option], potentially,? general manager Chris Antonetti said, via Jordan Bastian of MLB.com. ?I think some of that is going to depend upon other opportunities for Travis and his thoughts on returning, as well as what opportunities we may have for him compared to other guys.?

Bastian writes that the Indians are prepared to go with a rotation of players in the DH spot, but with no clear primary option there if Hafner is willing to accept a modest one-year deal a return could make sense.

He hasn?t been able to stay healthy since 2007 and missed 96 games last season, but Hafner has remained productive throughout all the injuries by posting an OPS above .775 in each of the past four seasons.

Source: http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/01/07/indians-havent-ruled-out-re-signing-travis-hafner/related/

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Supreme Court signals blood tests protected by Fourth Amendment

By M. Alex Johnson, staff writer, NBC News

Art Lien / NBC News

Nicole Saharsky of the U.S. solicitor general's office joined Missouri officials in asking the court to allow law enforcement to order blood tests from suspects without a warrant.

Justices indicated Wednesday that the dangers of drunken driving don't trump the Fourth Amendment, peppering lawyers for the state of Missouri with objections to their request that the Supreme Court allow law enforcement to order blood tests for DUI without suspects' consent.

The case, Missouri v. McNeely, is seen as a landmark that could clear up almost 50 years of uncertainty over the constitutionality of blood tests that are conducted without a warrant. Legal scholars say it could rewrite drunken-driving laws in all 50 states.

The case hinges on how you interpret a 1966 opinion by then-Chief Justice William Brennan, who wrote (.pdf) that law enforcement should get a warrant before taking a blood draw without a suspect's consent, except in a few very limited circumstances that rise to the level of an emergency.

---

Missouri wants the court to declare that the dissipation of alcohol in the bloodstream is, on its face, an emergency allowing officers to get a blood test immediately and without a warrant.

But justices indicated that they firmly believed that taking someone's blood was an intrusion that in most cases constituted a government "seizure" subject to protection of the Fourth Amendment and requiring the subject's permission or prior approval from a judge.

"How can it be reasonable to forgo the Fourth Amendment in a procedure as intrusive as a needle going into someone's body?" Justice Sonia Sotomayor asked John Koester, a prosecutor in Jackson, Mo., who represented the state Wednesday.

Related: Full preliminary transcript of Wednesday's arguments (.pdf)

Sotomayor said that if the court ruled Missouri's way, it would be giving law enforcement free rein to "use the most intrusive way you can to prove your case," which wouldn't always be the most constitutionally sound way.

The officer who arrested Tyler McNeely acknowledged that he didn't seek a warrant when he told a hospital lab technician to draw McNeely's blood after a DUI stop in 2010 because he believed he didn't need to, not because he didn't think he couldn't get one in time.?

That troubled several justices, who wanted know how a suspect's fundamental Fourth Amendment rights could be overshadowed for the convenience of law enforcement.

"Why should the Fourth Amendment permit the search to take place without the warrant when it could have been obtained?" Justice Samuel Alito asked Nicole Saharsky of the U.S. solicitor general's office, who joined Koester in arguing Missouri's side.

Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said, "It was and I think still is the main rule that if you can get a warrant, you must do that."

Even Antonin Scalia, the court's most law-and-order justice, questioned Missouri's argument, telling Koester, "Once we say that you don't need a warrant, you know, even if things improve, the game's up, right?"

"Why don't you force him (McNeely) to take the Breathalyzer test, instead of forcing him to have a needle shoved in his arm?" Scalia asked.

Justices' questions during arguments don't always signal how they will vote; the justices often pose hypotheticals designed to crystallize or clarify a contrary position.

But Lyle Denniston, a Supreme Court expert writing on Scotusblog, said it seemed clear that "the court is not going to let police across the nation order ? on their own authority ? the taking of blood samples from those suspected of drunk driving."

"Two impressions were dominant throughout the argument: the Justices generally do regard the use of a needle to take a blood sample as quite an intrusive gesture by the government, and the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement should not be cast aside for all cases of drunk driving when officers decide to order a blood draw," he wrote.

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Source: http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/01/09/16434361-supreme-court-signals-blood-tests-protected-by-fourth-amendment?lite

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